Transduction Continued

Order is Rods/Cones to Bipolar to Ganglion to Optic never

Paralle processong

Color vision
* Three types of cones
* red
*blue
*green
* these three types of cones can make millions of combinations of colors.
*most colorblind people simply lack cone receptor cells for one or more of these primary

Opponetnt-Process theory
*the sensory receptors
*red/green
*yellow/blue
*black/white
* if one color is stimulated

Hearing
*the height of wave gives us the amplitude of the sound
* the frequency of the wave gives us the pitch of the sound

The Ear

Transductions in the ear
* sound waves hit the eardrum
Then anvil then hammer then
Stirrup then oval window
* everything is just vibrating
* then the cochlea viberates
* the cochlea is lined with mucus called basilar membrane.
* in basilar membrane there are hair cells.
* when hair cells vibrate they turn vibrations into neural impilses which are called organ of Corti
* sent then to the thalamus up auditory nerve

Pitch theory
Place theory
* different hairs vibrate in the cochlea when there are different pitches.
*so some hair vibrate when they hear high pitches and other viberate when they hear low pitches.

Frequency Theory
* all the hairs vibrate but all different speeds.

Deafness
Conduction Deafness
* something goes wrong with the sound and the vibration on the way to the cochlea
* you can replace the bones or get hearing aid to help

Nerve (sensorineural) Deafness
* the hair cells in the cochlea get dammaged
* loud noises can cough this type of deafness
*NO WAY to replace the hairs
* cochlea implant is possible

Smell and Taste
* Sensory Interaction: the princeple that one sense may influence another.

Taste
* we have bumps on our tongue called papillae
* Taste buds are located on the papillae ( they are actually all over the mouth*
*sweet, salty, sour, and bitter, hot spicy,
*bitter
*sour
*salty
*sweet
UMAMI- flavorful, meaty, saviory taste pollo asido