Memory

Encoding
* The process of information into the memory

Storage
* the retention of encoded material over time.
* pressing Crtl S and saving info

Retrieval
* Process of getting the information out of memory storage

Recall v. Recognition
*with recall - you must retrive the information from your memory (fill in the blank test)
*with recognition- you must identify the target from possible targets (multiple-choice test)

Flashbulb Memory
* A clear moment of an emotionally significant moment or event

Types of Memory
* Sensory Memory
* Short term memory

Sensory Memory
*immediate, initial recording of sensory information in the memory system
* stored just for an instant and most gets unprocessed

Short term Memory
* memory that holds a few items breifly
* seven digits (plus of minus two)
*the info will be stored into longer term or forgotten.

Working memory
*antoher way of describing the use of short term is called working memory
* working- memory has three parts
1. Audio
2. Visual
3. Integration of audio and visual (controls where you attention lies)

Long Term Memory
* the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system

Automatoc Processing
*unconscious encoding of incidental information
* you encode space, tome and word meaning withour effort
* things can become automatic with practice

Effortful Processing
*Encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
*Rehearsal is the most common effortful processing technique
* Through enough rehearsal, what was effortful become automatic

Next in line effect
* we seldom remember what the person has just said or done if we are next

Spacing effect
* we encode better when we study or practice over times
* DO NOT CRAM!!

Serial Postioning effect
* Our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list.

Types of encoding
* semantic encoding : the encoding of meaning like the meaning of words

* acoustic encoding: the encoding of sound, especially the sounds of words

* visual encoding: the encoding of picture images

Tricks to Encode
* Use Imagery: mental pictures
Mnemonic Devices use Imagery. Like my "peg word" system or...

Chunking
* Organizing items into familiar manageable units

TYPES of LTM
* Explicit
(With conscious recall
* fact-gerneral knowledge
* Personally experienced events

Implicit
* with out concious recall
* skulls motor cognitive
*classical and operant conditioning effects

Types of Retrieval Failure
Proactive Interference
*the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information

Types of Retrieval failure
*Retroactive Interference
* The disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information.

Misinformation Effect
*incorporating misleading information into ones memory of an event