Encoding
* The process of information into the memory
Storage
* the retention of encoded material over time.
* pressing Crtl S and saving info
Retrieval
* Process of getting the information out of memory storage
Recall v. Recognition
*with recall - you must retrive the information from your memory (fill in the blank test)
*with recognition- you must identify the target from possible targets (multiple-choice test)
Flashbulb Memory
* A clear moment of an emotionally significant moment or event
Types of Memory
* Sensory Memory
* Short term memory
Sensory Memory
*immediate, initial recording of sensory information in the memory system
* stored just for an instant and most gets unprocessed
Short term Memory
* memory that holds a few items breifly
* seven digits (plus of minus two)
*the info will be stored into longer term or forgotten.
Working memory
*antoher way of describing the use of short term is called working memory
* working- memory has three parts
1. Audio
2. Visual
3. Integration of audio and visual (controls where you attention lies)
Long Term Memory
* the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system
Automatoc Processing
*unconscious encoding of incidental information
* you encode space, tome and word meaning withour effort
* things can become automatic with practice
Effortful Processing
*Encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
*Rehearsal is the most common effortful processing technique
* Through enough rehearsal, what was effortful become automatic
Next in line effect
* we seldom remember what the person has just said or done if we are next
Spacing effect
* we encode better when we study or practice over times
* DO NOT CRAM!!
Serial Postioning effect
* Our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list.
Types of encoding
* semantic encoding : the encoding of meaning like the meaning of words
* acoustic encoding: the encoding of sound, especially the sounds of words
* visual encoding: the encoding of picture images
Tricks to Encode
* Use Imagery: mental pictures
Mnemonic Devices use Imagery. Like my "peg word" system or...
Chunking
* Organizing items into familiar manageable units
TYPES of LTM
* Explicit
(With conscious recall
* fact-gerneral knowledge
* Personally experienced events
Implicit
* with out concious recall
* skulls motor cognitive
*classical and operant conditioning effects
Types of Retrieval Failure
Proactive Interference
*the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Types of Retrieval failure
*Retroactive Interference
* The disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information.
Misinformation Effect
*incorporating misleading information into ones memory of an event
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