Operant Conditioning

The learner is NOT passive. Learning based consequence!!
Operant Conditioning
*a type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by reinforcement or diminished if followed by punishment
Classical v. Operant
* They both use acquisitioning, discrimination, SR, generalization and extinenction
* classical conditioning is automatic
*Respondent Behavior)
* dogs automatically salivate over meat, then bell no thinking involved
* operant conditioning involves behavior where one can influence their environment with behaviors which have consequences
Operant behavior
The Law effect
* Edward Thorndike
Rewarded behavior is likely to recur.
B.F Skinner
shaping
* a procedure in operant conditioning in which reinforcers guid behavior closer and cloer towards a goal.
Operant Conditioning Chamber
Reinforcer
* any event that strengthens the behavior it follows
* two types of reinforcement
Positive and negative
Positive Reinforcment
* strengthens a response by presenting a stimulus after a response.
Negative Reinforcement
*strengthens a response by reducing or removing an averive stimulus
Primary Reinforcer
* an innately reinforcing stimulus
Conditioning (secondary) Reinforcer
* a stimulus that gains it reinforcing power through its association with primary reinforcer.
Punishment
* an event that decreases the behaviot that it follows
Continuous Reinforcement
* reinforcing the desired response every time it occurs
Partial Reinforcement
* Reinforcing a response only part of the time
* the acquisition process is slower.
* greater resisitance ro extinction.
Fixed-ratio Schedules
* A schedules that reinforces a response only after a specified number of responses
Variable-ratio Schedule
*a schedule of reinforcement that reinforces a response after an unpredictable number of responses
Fixed-interval Schedual
* a schedual of reinforcment that reinforcment that reinforces a response only after a specified time has elapsed
variable-interval schedule
*a schedule of reinforcement that reinforces a response at unpredictable time interval