Biological School

The Nervous System
* it starts with an individual nerve cell called a NEURON
Neuroanatomy
Neurotrainmitters (chemicals held in terminal buttons that travel through synaptic gap)
Terminal branches of axons (form junctions with other cells)
Cells body (the cels life support center
Dendrites (receive messages from other cells)
Axon (passages message away from the cell body to other neurons muscles or glands)
Myelin sheath (covers the axon of some neurons and helps speed neural impulses
Neural impulse ( electrical signal traveling down the axon)
Synapse allows a electrical singel to pass to another cell
How does a neuron fire
* Resting Potential:
* slightly negative charge
*Reach the threshold when enough neurotranmitters reach dendrites
Its a eletrochemical process
* Electrical inside the neuron
* Chemical outside the neuron (in the synapse in the form of a neurotransmitter).
* The firing is call Action Potential.
The All or None Response
* the idea that either the n
Neurotransmitters
* Chemical messengers released by terminal buttons through the synapse.
* we should know atleast 4 types
Acetylcholine (ACH)
* Deals with motor movement and memory.
*too much and you will
* too little and you will
* the lack of ACH been linked to Alzheimer's disease.
Dopamine
* Deals with Motor movements and alertness.
* Lack of dopamine has been linked to Parkinsons disease
* Too much has been linked to Schiophernia.
Serotonin
* Involved in mood control
* Lack of serotonin has been linked to clincial depression
Endorphins
* Involved in pain control.
* many of our most addictive drugs deal with endorphins
Drugs can be....
* Agonists... Make neuron fire
* Antagonists... Stop neural firing
Sensory Neurons
(Afferent Neurons)
*take information from the senses to the brain.
Inter Neurons
* Take messages from Sensory Neurons to other parts of the brain or to motor Neurons
Motor Neurons ( Efferent Neurons)
* take information from the brain to the rest of the body
Central Nervous System
* the brain and the spinal cord
Periheral Nervous system
* all nerves that are not encased in bone
*everything but the brain and spinal cord
*is divided into two categories... somatic and
autonomic.
Somatic Nervous System
*Controls Voluntary muscle movments
*uses motor (efferent) neurons
Autonomic Nervous System
* Controls the automatic functions of the body
*divided into two categories the symapatheic and Parasympathetic
Sympathetic Nervous System
*Fight or flight response
* Automatically accelerates heart rate, breathing, dilates, pupils, slows, down digestion